van Stipriaan, F.J. (2024) The retail dynamics of Business Improvement Districts: A quantitative analysis of the relationship between Dutch BIDs and retail mix. Master thesis.
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Abstract
Business Improvement Districts (BIDs) are place-based policies targeting underdeveloped business areas by enhancing employment, spatial quality, and real estate values in target areas. Dutch BIDs are unique in the way they are entrepreneur-driven, law-protected, and reduce free-rider behaviour among businesses. This research analyses the relationship between Dutch “Bedrijveninvesteringszones” and the retail diversity in BIDs versus shopping areas using difference-in-differences methods. Retail diversity as urban amenity is defined through a reciprocal of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, MIX. Data are collected on retail and catering industry businesses, BIDs, and shopping areas from the period 2008-2021. Results of this research conclude that BID cause shopping areas to become more homogenous, indicating an overall decreasing amount of retail diversity in Dutch shopping areas with an even greater decrease in BIDs. Moreover, findings suggest spillover effects from BIDs into neighbouring shopping areas, as retail diversity develops more similar than the retail diversity compared to non-adjacent shopping areas. BIDs in large cities such as Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague have been found to retain their retail diversity better than BIDs in other urban areas. By providing these insights, this research makes valuable contributions to existing literature on the effectiveness of BIDs and their relationship with development trends of commercial real estate.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master) |
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| Degree programme: | Real Estate Studies |
| Supervisor: | Kuiper, N.M. |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jul 2024 09:51 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Jul 2024 09:51 |
| URI: | https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/4650 |
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