TY - THES UR - https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/1134/ N2 - This research looks at how smoking has affected mortality rates in Scotland and England by looking at how smoking prevalence has developed over time by country, age, sex, area deprivation and socio-economic class, by looking at observed life expectancy at birth and by looking at smoking-attributable mortality data. Potential Gain of Life Expectancy (PGLE) analysis will be used to calculate how many years of life expectancy smoking has caused the Scottish and English population. Y1 - 2019/// ID - theses_frw1134 M1 - bachelor AV - public TI - The consequences of smoking to mortality rates of Scotland and England A1 - Cantrijn, M.L.A ER -