%0 Thesis
%9 Master
%A Zwaag, S.C. van der
%D 2017
%F theses_frw:2068
%T The role of vehicle-to-grid systems in the energy transition
%U https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/2068/
%X This thesis elaborates on the main research question; “How can vehicle-to-grid systems play a role in the energy transition, based on Smart Solar Charging in the municipality of Utrecht?”. This thesis found that vehicle-to-grid systems as niche-innovations could play a significant role in exerting internal bottom-up pressure on the existing energy system and prevent lock-in of our current energy system. An institutional design presents that the following four aspects are realized in order to enable that significant role; (1) a supportive regulative institutional framework is realized towards experimental freedom for renewable energy storage systems, (2) supportive regulative institutions that nurture vehicle-to-grid systems as niches should not be removed before these niches are considered viable for breakthrough, (3) policy makers should realize vehicle-to-grid systems generate economic and environmental benefits on the long-term, and (4) implementation of these systems should be aimed for in urban areas on the short-term.