@phdthesis{theses_frw2251,
           title = {Urban Living Labs and Civic Self-organization},
          author = {Laura Podday},
            year = {2019},
             url = {https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/2251/},
        abstract = {Cities are complex adaptive systems (CAS), which show non-linear, unpredictable development and emerging characteristics such as self-organization. The challenge for urban planners is to interpret such diverse development processes and identify opportunities to create a more sustainable and livable local environment. Yet, the feasibility of interventions in urban areas is sometimes questioned, as control over CAS can only be limited.
In this thesis, a complexity perspective is taken to investigate civic self-organization in response to one particular planning tool, Urban Living Labs (ULLs), in the city of Munich in Germany. ULLs are an experimental and collaborative tool for driving (sustainable) innovation and in Munich they are a successful means of testing, learning and networking. They provide ideal grounds for the self-organization of citizens. The launch and operation of the ULLs have triggered varied responses from citizens, among others processes of self-organization, such as the formation of a new citizen initiative.}
}