%D 2016 %L theses_frw2458 %X Literature has revealed that for effective plan development, plans must be both robust and flexible. The latter appears however to be difficult to achieve. In my theoretical framework I distinguish three key features that can affect flexibility and robustness throughout the planning life cycle: 1) change management, 2) project management; through planning documents and legal procedures etc. and 3) contracting; the involvement of contractors and the way in which a contract is designed. I have sought how limitations affect the planning life cycle and how flexibility can be increased. %A J.R.J. Wals %T Increasing flexibility throughout a planning lifecycle; a focus on effects in contracts and tender phases