@phdthesis{theses_frw274,
            year = {2019},
          author = {R. Wieringa},
           title = {Parking controls in Groningen: Modal shift or problem shift?},
        abstract = {A car journey has a destination, and for the car to be a viable mode of transport, the destination requires a parking space. Controlling this can therefore potentially help with discouraging car use. However when measures like parking controls are introduced, it is possible that the people who previously parked in one area will park where parking is still free, moving the problems cars cause to a different place. This phenomenon is known as parking spillover. Representatives of different stakeholders were interviewed on their experiences with modal shift, parking controls and parking spillover. From this, the conclusions are drawn that in Groningen, parking controls do decrease parking demand and cause parking spillover, where it does not cause spillover it leads to modal shift, and in order to prevent spillover, parking controls need to be introduced on scale that is large enough.},
             url = {https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/274/}
}