@unpublished{theses_frw3869,
          author = {Wiebren Veenstra},
           title = {The Physical Elements of Car Dependency: Observing the Degree of Required Car Utilization by Proximity of GOWs, Primary Facilities and Transportation Stops Within Outer Neighborhoods in Groningen},
            year = {2022},
             url = {https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/3869/},
        abstract = {The increased amount of vehicles on the road since the 2000s in the Netherlands and the striving towards public transport and increased walkability in cities has created a paradox of how car-dependent people truly are in this day and age. Along with economic and social factors, the spatial layout of places can change the degree of car dependency. For this research, a set of criteria were combined to evaluate the extent of needed car utilization, based on four physical elements: GOW coverage, transportation stop coverage, primary facility types within the neighborhood and the distance to primary facilities in surrounding neighborhoods. The neighborhoods of Gravenburg, Meerstad and Beijum are compared in a quantitative analysis that illustrates the differences and similarities of the physical characteristics that influence private vehicle dependency. Furthermore, the relationships between the analyzed physical variables (GOW percentage, amount of transportation stops and presence of primary facilities) are investigated, to find links that make it possible to further research the dynamics of car dependency in outer neighborhoods. The research results show that the relationships between the variables should be further studied on a more extensive scale to come to a better understanding of the exact dynamics of car dependency in these types of neighborhoods.}
}