%0 Thesis
%9 Master
%A Vedder, Kevin
%D 2022
%F theses_frw:3932
%P 81
%T Dealing with Infrastructure Multiplicity; Exploring Institutional Arrangements for Corridor Planning
%U https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/3932/
%X Infrastructure such as roads and waterways already exists for millennia. While concepts such as connectivity and accessibility gained more prominence, infrastructure became more and more connected, developing into transport infrastructure networks, with the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) as an important example. The TEN-T network can be classified as a bundle of corridors as corridors are defined as “narrow bundles of infrastructure which are connecting two or more urban regions dispersed over a certain physical space”. However, planning of infrastructure, especially on the scale of transnational corridor development, has a high level of complexity, due to the multi-dimensional nature of infrastructure planning. It is of a multi-scalar nature, as it has the possibility to span multiple geographical boundaries. Aside from its multi-scalar nature, transport infrastructure also contains different governmental levels (multi-level) and policy sectors (multi-sectoral). Next to that many actors are involved in the infrastructure planning process (multi-actor). Counteracting the lack of integrated treatment of corridor planning, several challenges were posed that are central to overcoming this issue:   I.	Aiming for a multi-level governance (MLG) approach to prevent institutional fragmentation, and;   II.	Aiming for the enhancement of the integration of land use and transport infrastructure developments, to increase the connectivity and accessibility of the nodes and with that the corridor, and;   III.	Employing a programmatic approach towards corridor planning, to ensure coordination between different projects, localities, and sectors within the corridor.   Trying to find institutional arrangements that are needed to enhance programmatic corridor planning that connects (cross)national transport needs and local land use needs, addressing the multiplicity of infrastructure, three practices of corridor planning were researched. By conducting a literature review, a policy document analysis, and semi-structured interviews, the cases of Rail Baltica (Estonia), Nya Stambanor (Sweden), and Topcorridors (the Netherlands) were investigated, using the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework.  This study has shown that at first it is important to take a programmatic approach that includes all relevant governmental levels, while closely cooperating with, but not including, non-governmental actors, and EU-related actors.  However, it must also be ensured that the opinions of and effects on non-included actors and nodes are actively investigated. Furthermore, while taking a programmatic approach, either the programme, or a certain party, must be responsible for actively enforcing Land Use-Transport Interaction (LUTI). Not only should sectoral land use and transport development practices be counteracted, but also sectoral financing should be prevented, to ensure that programmatic thinking flows down into all developments/projects. Lastly, in guiding decision-making, formal, tiered environmental assessments are essential, that can connect different scales. Based on the previous recommendations to future practices of corridor planning, these future practices can be enhanced so that (cross)national transport needs and local land use needs become connected, while making use of and overcoming the multiplicity of infrastructure planning.