%0 Thesis
%9 Master
%A Kamerling, Daël
%D 2022
%F theses_frw:3953
%P 54
%T The two sides to climate change adaptation: Assessing the potential and risks of climate change adaptation in San Francisco, California
%U https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/3953/
%X This research studied the two sides to climate change adaptation through nature-based solutions. It aims to find ways where nature-based solutions will reduce spatial injustice in the city of San Francisco, chosen due to its geographical location, climate and high inequality. Findings are derived through a literature review, content analysis, Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis using GIS and a Spearman´s rho correlation analysis using SPSS. It shows that adaptation is needed but not necessarily successful. On the one side, cities become more and more pressured by the negative effects of climate change, increasing the need for adaptation. These negative effects are unevenly distributed across society impacting the poorest groups the most. Nature-based solutions have proven to be able to increase urban liveability as they are able to cool down local temperatures, recover the quality of urban nature and regulate stormwater runoff. On the other side, nature-based solutions have shown to be able to increase spatial injustice due to the effects of green gentrification as well, where investments in nature lead to higher housing prices displacing its most vulnerable residents. Findings show that in San Francisco, denser populated neighbourhoods experience more risk to climate change effects due to their higher percentage of impervious surfaces. Moreover, it suggests that the risk of displacement is lower when nature-based solutions are implemented through bottom-up processes.