?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.aulast=Alford&rft.au=Alford%2C+Derek&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft.date=2023&rft.tpages=61&rft.degree=Master&rft.title=How+newly+emerging+collaborative+spaces+are+changing+the+role+of+the+citizen+within+smart+cities