@unpublished{theses_frw4507,
            year = {2023},
           title = {Government and citizen collaboration in the local energy transition in Groningen, the Netherlands},
          author = {Marg Schoenmaker},
        abstract = {In the light of the Dutch regional energy strategy programme (RES), the decentralization of power on governance levels and the rise of bottom-up initiatives in the energy transition take place. With the decentralization and rise of bottom-up initiatives, collaborations between local governments and local initiatives become of great importance both in theory and practice. This study explores the collaboration between local governments and local initiatives with an exploratory case study located in the municipality of Groningen, namely how the municipality of Groningen and citizen energy initiative (CEI) Grunneger Power (GP) are currently collaborating in the local energy transition. Firstly an institutional framework of transformative climate governance, multi-layered governance and RES Groningen is presented in which the energy transition is situated. Additionally, a clear definition of a citizen energy initiative is presented in which it becomes clear that GP is an CEI or cooperative with open \& participatory and local \& collective characteristics. Furthermore, interviews and a thorough literature research were conducted from which the role of GP and the municipality in their collaboration in the local energy transition became clear. The results from the conducted interviews and literature research were analysed based on the stairs of government and citizen participation in the local energy transition, based on the five role model by Wagemans et. al. (2019), the government participation model by Mees et. al. (2019) and the ladder of participation by Arnstein (1969). From this analysis, it is argued that the municipality and GP take on roles ranging to the highest level of the stairs of participation, meaning that there is a high degree of citizen participation and a low degree of government participation in their collaboration.},
             url = {https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/4507/}
}