Kamphuis, Bouke (2023) The Dutch Nitrogen Crisis and its Effects on the Development of Real Estate. Master thesis.
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Abstract
The Netherlands faces a ‘nitrogen crisis’ with nitrogen emissions leading to excessive deposition on Natura 2000 sites, which are protected under EU Directives. This creates conflicts between environmental quality and spatial development. Therefore, the Dutch government has designed institutions to govern this environmental/space-conflict. This thesis explores the impact and effects of the existing institutional arrangement in the Netherlands concerning nitrogen and Natura 2000 on the development of real estate using a policy review, expert interviews, and action research. The high population density and environmentally harmful activities, characteristics of Dutch Natura 2000, omission of compensatory measures, and sectoral environmental planning have been identified as causes contributing to the environmental/space-conflict. The institutional arrangement adds to the complexity of developing real estate, resulting in an increasing dependency on and a boost for environmental consultancy. Besides, differences have been observed throughout the Netherlands. Actors involved in the development of real estate take measures in their processes and activities to mitigate potential effects. Hence, the existing institutional arrangement impacts the industry involved in the development of real estate. Observed effects on the development of real estate include an increase in the costs, postponement, and cancellation, affecting various types of real estate. Thus, this research reveals that the existing institutional arrangement has impeding effects on the development of real estate. Finally, improvements for the institutional arrangement in the Netherlands concerning nitrogen and Natura 2000 are discussed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Master) |
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| Degree programme: | Environmental & Infrastructure Planning |
| Supervisor: | Kann, F.M.G. van |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Jul 2023 08:51 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Jul 2023 08:51 |
| URI: | https://frw.studenttheses.ub.rug.nl/id/eprint/4277 |
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